r/learnmachinelearning • • Nov 07 '25

Want to share your learning journey, but don't want to spam Reddit? Join us on #share-your-progress on our Official /r/LML Discord

7 Upvotes

https://discord.gg/3qm9UCpXqz (Discord is currently closed)

Just created a new channel #share-your-journey for more casual, day-to-day update. Share what you have learned lately, what you have been working on, and just general chit-chat.


r/learnmachinelearning • • 10h ago

Question 🧠 ELI5 Wednesday

3 Upvotes

Welcome to ELI5 (Explain Like I'm 5) Wednesday! This weekly thread is dedicated to breaking down complex technical concepts into simple, understandable explanations.

You can participate in two ways:

  • Request an explanation: Ask about a technical concept you'd like to understand better
  • Provide an explanation: Share your knowledge by explaining a concept in accessible terms

When explaining concepts, try to use analogies, simple language, and avoid unnecessary jargon. The goal is clarity, not oversimplification.

When asking questions, feel free to specify your current level of understanding to get a more tailored explanation.

What would you like explained today? Post in the comments below!


r/learnmachinelearning • • 5h ago

Built a 30M-parameter GPT-style language model from scratch

11 Upvotes

Hey everyone

I've been learning about Transformers and LLMs, so I built KERN,

a 30M parameter GPT-style language model in PyTorch,trained from scratch on TinyStories.

GitHub: https://github.com/OmarDawoud4/KERN

This is still a work in progress! I'd like to keep improving it by implementing techniques like LoRA, KV caching, and knowledge distillation from GPT-2.

I'd appreciate any feedback or suggestions .


r/learnmachinelearning • • 3h ago

Project I built an open-source computer vision engineering reading path, from photons to production

6 Upvotes

I’ve been putting together a structured collection of computer vision engineering resources, covering everything from how cameras capture light to how vision models behave in production.

One thing that always bothered me about computer vision resources is how much attention goes into architectures and benchmark scores, while the fundamentals behind those numbers often get overlooked.

A model can achieve impressive mAP and still fail because of dataset leakage, camera noise, distribution shift or an evaluation protocol that doesn’t reflect its actual use case.

So I organised the repository into 16 sections, covering image formation, classical geometry, datasets, evaluation, CNNs, ViTs, self-supervised learning, detection, segmentation, video, 3D vision, generative models, VLMs, deployment and robustness.

A few principles behind it:

  • Primary sources only: original papers, specifications and official documentation.
  • Resources arranged in dependency order, so each section builds on the previous ones.
  • Evidence-backed claims rather than blindly repeating benchmark numbers.
  • A reproducible benchmark for every section, connecting the theory to actual measurements.

The idea is to understand not just how computer vision models work, but why they fail and what it takes to make them reliable.

It’s free and open source:

https://github.com/usamahz/computer-vision-engineering

Would appreciate feedback, particularly from people working on vision systems in production. What important topics or papers am I missing?


r/learnmachinelearning • • 15h ago

Help How do you actually learn a Python library like scikit-learn, PyTorch, or sentence-transformers? Looking for a method, not just resources.

50 Upvotes

Hi everyone,

I’m a beginner learning ML, deep learning, and RAG. I’m currently doing courses on DeepLearning.AI, and along the way I keep running into new libraries: scikit-learn, PyTorch, sentence-transformers, numpy, pandas, and more.

My problem is that I don’t know how to learn them properly. Right now I mostly copy code from labs and tutorials, and it works, but I can’t write it myself from scratch. When I see a line like model.encode(...) or fit() and predict(), I understand what it does in that example, but I’m not confident using it in a new situation.

I’d love to hear how you approach this:

  1. What is your method for learning a new library? Do you start with the docs, a tutorial, a video, or a small project?
  2. How do you read documentation effectively? The API docs often feel overwhelming. What do you focus on first?
  3. How much should I memorize? Is it normal to look up syntax constantly, even as an experienced developer?
  4. Which libraries should I prioritize for ML, DL, and RAG, and in what order?
  5. How do you move from copying lab code to writing your own? Any exercises or habits that helped you make that jump?
  6. Any beginner project ideas that force you to use these libraries in a practical way?

I’m learning on a normal Windows laptop with limited storage, so free or low-cost resources are ideal. Any advice or personal experience would really help. Thanks!


r/learnmachinelearning • • 7h ago

Career Roast my resume(?)

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7 Upvotes

I have 2 years of work experience, currently working as GenAI engineer but hoping to get Computer Vision roles.

My job applications are getting constant rejections. Don't know if the problem is in the resume or the experience.

What changes / projects would you suggest to get noticed / shortlisted by companies?

Thanks in advance for suggestions


r/learnmachinelearning • • 1h ago

Tutorial every ml course stops at model.fit(). here's what happens after

• Upvotes

I'm not sure anyone still needs to hear this but my first real ML job had jack shit to do with ML. They gave me a table with 400M rows and half the labels fucked to shit, the pipeline blew up every five minutes, and honestly the courses I'd paid for were useless for all of it, which hurt my pride a bit. and my wallet, I paid for like three of those xD

Anyway… I'm telling you all this because I love producing educational content in my free time, and what I wanted to share with you today kind of 'grows out of' the embarrassment I went through back then with that fucking table xD. About a year, a year and a half ago, I got it into my head to start making a course/lessons as comprehensive as possible.

Sooooo here you go :B

https://github.com/BlueRingsLabs/no-shortcuts

The README has all the info you need (I hope lol), but if you need help with anything or have any questions, DM me and I'll share my Discord so we can chat (I'm a bit of a slacker so I may be slow to reply :B). Your feedback is welcome too.

The parts of the course are:
0. Orientation | 1. Foundations | 2. Data Engineering | 3. Classical Machine Learning | 4. Deep Learning | 5. Language Models | 6. AI Engineering | 7. Reinforcement Learning | 8. MLOps and ML Systems | 9. Capstones and Career

I hope it's useful to someone here, or that you can share it with someone who's studying.Ā 


r/learnmachinelearning • • 9h ago

Suggestions for Math for ML

8 Upvotes

Hi Everyone ,
I’M really very bad at math. Can anyone share the guide for Math for ML which is easy to understand for a layman


r/learnmachinelearning • • 19m ago

I got tired of ML tutorials starting with heavy math, so I animated how machines actually learn instead.

• Upvotes

When I first started diving into Machine Learning, almost every course drowned me in math and dry code on day one. I’m a visual learner, so I started building animations to explain these concepts simply before writing any code.

In my first video, we answer the core question: How do machines actually learn?

In traditional programming, we give the computer Rules + Data to get Answers. Machine Learning flips this upside down. We give the computer the Data + Answers, and it mathematically figures out the Rules.

I animated this entire 4-minute breakdown on my channel, VisualForge AI. If you are a visual learner transitioning into tech, I’d love your feedback!

šŸ”— Full 4-Minute Video: https://youtu.be/iq4bypuvMKE?si=XIVqY7gpdhjzkX7t

If you found this visual breakdown helpful, please drop a like, share it with anyone learning ML, and subscribe to the channel! It really helps support the project.


r/learnmachinelearning • • 6h ago

Discussion I made a visual explainer on model distillation: how a small AI can learn from a big one, and why labs say it’s being used to copy their models

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3 Upvotes

Knowledge distillation started as a simple idea in a 2015 paper by Hinton, Vinyals and Dean: train a small model to imitate a big one. Now Anthropic and OpenAI say it’s being used at massive scale to copy their models through millions of API queries, and it’s surprisingly hard to block because the queries look like normal usage.

I made a short animated explainer covering how distillation works, what the labs reported, and what it means for open-source models. Sources are in the description. Curious what people here think: should this count as ā€œstealing,ā€ or is it just learning from outputs?


r/learnmachinelearning • • 13h ago

Help ASKING FOR HELP/BEGINNER NOOB to A.I. and ML (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Perplexity) I know what A.I can and is used for, but I don’t have a strong understanding of the benefits it can provide

10 Upvotes

ASKING FOR HELP/BEGINNER NOOB to A.I. and ML (ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Perplexity) I know what A.I can and is used for, but I don’t have a strong understanding of the benefits it can provide

I am not in the tech field and I don’t create content for a living. I enjoy posting on different social media platforms and love to stream video games. I want to understand A.I. I want to know how to create prompts. It would be great to know some practical uses of these programs to maybe make my life easier (I do have an iPhone and gaming PC, and Apple products, but live in condo so my home isn’t all wired up electronically) and also maybe some uses geared towards just for fun.

I don’t really know where to start. I have ChatGPT on my phone, I do have Siri (iPhone), and I have X Premium (which I think means I have access to Grok.

Is there a certain use case scenarios one would use a specific A.I program for some things and another if you are trying to achieve something else? Do they all more or less produce similar results (maybe minor differences) or are some better than others. I looked at some pricing tiers and shocked to see how much some people pay per month to have unlimited queries, etc

I’ll be honest, I know what a prompt is, but don’t know, if there are any, certain rules or guidelines to follow when starting off with one (wording, what’s allowed, language or terms more friendly to help me get what I am looking for or terminology that I should avoid)?? Is it good to always add a photo? Can you add audio to a prompt (say I wanted a program to alter a song or something audio)?

I know this post is vague and a little all over, but just trying to get some assistance. I also know this specific community is meant specifically for the Grok (X) application, but after reading through some posts in other communities, this community seems a little more welcoming to people who have no idea how to use A.I and others can be pretty hurtful and discouraging when asking questions

TLDR: Give me some tips/tricks and helpful advice to assist me in learning and using different A.I Applications. Mainly use my IPhone 17 Pro Max, but I do have a M4 MacBook Pro and a gaming pc (5080). I mention specs because I know sometimes that matters in what you are trying to accomplish.

Thanks again


r/learnmachinelearning • • 2h ago

Discussion I rated OpenAI's "agents turned off their own monitoring" report an 8 out of 10. Here's my reasoning. Is it too high or too low?

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1 Upvotes

r/learnmachinelearning • • 4h ago

Request CISA: SafePay ransomware hit over 600 critical infrastructure orgs

0 Upvotes

CISA confirmed SafePay ransomware hit over 600 critical infrastructure organizations. The vector in most documented cases was not a breach of the target org directly — it was a third-party vendor holding their data.

That number is worth sitting with. 600+ orgs. Critical infrastructure. The exposure lived outside their perimeter, in a system they did not operate and could not directly audit.

This is the supply-chain data custody problem in its clearest form. Sensitive fields — PII, operational data, whatever the vendor was holding — existed in a state the owning org had no live visibility into. By the time the ransomware moved, the data had already been wherever it was for months or years, accessible to anyone who compromised the vendor.

No single control closes this. Perimeter defense at your own boundary does not protect data that has left your boundary. Contractual obligations do not prevent exfiltration. Compliance attestations describe a point in time, not a continuous state.

For those of you working in security, data engineering, or platform roles at orgs that share sensitive data with third parties: what does your current architecture actually enforce at the moment data moves to a vendor? Not what the contract says, not what the vendor's SOC 2 covers — what happens technically, in real time, when a field containing PII or operational data crosses that boundary? How are you handling this?


r/learnmachinelearning • • 5h ago

Roadmap for Ai engineer (Guide)

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1 Upvotes

r/learnmachinelearning • • 5h ago

Discussion hands on workshop: deterministic AI on CPUs with encoders and conformal prediction

1 Upvotes

hey everyone, sharing this because it’s directly relevant to people learning how to build real ML systems beyond tutorials.

packt publishing is running a hands on workshop on Oct 30 on building a text classifier and router that runs on CPU and tells you how sure it is, with ben auffarth.

what gets covered:

  • small bidirectional encoders (ModernBERT) instead of calling an LLM for every decision
  • few shot training with SetFit, 8 examples per class
  • split conformal prediction, so each prediction comes with calibrated uncertainty
  • a LangGraph workflow with human approval for uncertain cases
  • routing inference under 15ms on a laptop

instructor ben auffarth is an AI consultant, full stack data scientist and best selling author with 15+ years of experience.

3 hours, online, Fri Oct 30, 9:30 AM to 12:30 PM ET, runnable notebooks. it’s aimed at people comfortable with intermediate Python, so best if you’re past the basics. laptop or free Colab works.

Full details and the agenda are here

happy to answer any questions about what gets covered


r/learnmachinelearning • • 5h ago

Discussion Meta's new 816B model only uses ~5% of its parameters per token. I made an animated explainer of how Mixture of Experts works

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1 Upvotes

Muse Spark Open has 816B parameters but only ~42B are active for each token: a router picks 8 experts out of 256. I tried to explain visually why dense models get slow, how the router works, the surprising thing about what experts actually learn, and the big catch (all experts still need to sit in memory).

I'm the creator, so I'd love feedback, especially on anything that's still unclear!


r/learnmachinelearning • • 14h ago

Looking for Unique Masters AI/ML Project Ideas šŸš€

4 Upvotes

I’m pursuing M.Tech CSE and looking for a t echnically advanced, research-oriented AI/ML final-year project

Requirements:

\\- Real-world impact and strong AI/ML engineering value

\\- Feasible for one person in 2 months on a medium-spec laptop

\\- Software-only, with no specialized hardware or lab requirements

Not looking for generic chatbots, CRUD apps, basic prediction models, or dashboards.

Please suggest uncommon, technically challenging ideas with relevant research papers and potential improvements beyond existing work.


r/learnmachinelearning • • 7h ago

How I fine-tuned a cross-encoder for sentiment analysis

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1 Upvotes

I needed historical sentiment data to investigate how news affects stocks. Massive is my usual data provider, but its news sentiment feed wasn’t giving me what I needed, so I built my own data store.

I collected roughlyĀ 330 million news observations fromĀ GDELTĀ spanning 2019–2026, then used keyword matching to generate candidate company/headline pairs.

That creates some obvious problems. ā€œApple trees are greenā€ isn’t about Apple. ā€œDinner is on the tableā€ isn’t about ON Semiconductor. Each match needs a relevance check before assigning sentiment.

Then there’s the question ofĀ whoseĀ sentiment. A headline about Extreme Networks winning business against HPE can be positive for Extreme Networks and negative for HPE.

I started withĀ Qwen3 embeddings and a small neural-network classifier. Cached embeddings made experiments cheap, but the model struggled with those company-specific distinctions. I also tried XGBoost, ModernBERT, MiniLM adaptations, and local Qwen3-4B.

The final approach wasĀ fine-tuning DeBERTa-v3-base to read the company and headline together, predicting both relevance and sentiment. I manually reviewed examples and calibrated the labeling rules to make the judgments consistent.

The final model scoredĀ 85.7% on company sentiment and 87.2% on industry sentimentĀ in testing. The backfill scoredĀ 67.8 million headline-target pairs, with daily updates processing new work.

Full methodology here if you want to read

See the finished Apple sentiment page (scroll down to the bottom)

Just wanted to share this! I thought it could help newcomers think of a useful ML project. Happy to answer any questions below


r/learnmachinelearning • • 7h ago

Understanding Fine-Tuning and Layer Freezing in MobileNetV2

1 Upvotes

Hi everyone!

I'm working on a pneumonia classification project using MobileNetV2 and trying to understand fine-tuning better.

What's the practical difference between transfer learning and fine-tuning? Also, how do you decide which convolutional layers to unfreeze and train while keeping the others frozen?

I'd appreciate any advice or resources. Thanks!


r/learnmachinelearning • • 1d ago

I made a website to learn Machine Learning interactively.

51 Upvotes

If you are a visual learner who would like to interact with models and equations and learn ML from your phone, I made this course based on one of the most detailed and famous books in AI. It is completely free. Visit: https://mathalyse.com/learn


r/learnmachinelearning • • 10h ago

Question How to make data augmentation on text?

1 Upvotes

For example if i hace 100 rows of text data, and i want to increase or make another 100 from those 100, is there a framework/technique to do so?

I remember reading or hearing a while ago that there was a tool that uses your data or text to create new text or the way you wanted but i cant remember it


r/learnmachinelearning • • 18h ago

Looking for a hackathon teammate

4 Upvotes

I'm participating in this hackathon: https://www.metrica-sports.com/blog/more-than-a-hack-2027-build-something-real-with-fc-barcelona-match-data

I have learned machine learning and data science but I am not at a professional or hackathon winning level.

My kaggle profile: https://www.kaggle.com/siamrahman29
Personal site: https://siamrahman29.github.io/

If you are interested, please send me an email or DM.


r/learnmachinelearning • • 15h ago

Research idea: Can we reduce forgetting in recurrent LLM memory? Looking for critical feedback.

2 Upvotes

Hey everyone!

I'm an engineering student working on a research proposal about long-context LLMs and recurrent compressed memory. I'd really appreciate technical feedback from people working on LLMs, continual learning, recurrent architectures, or memory systems.

The core question: Can we train an LLM's memory to retain previously learned information while continuing to absorb new information?

I'm calling the proposed training method GMR (Generational Memory Retention) and the evaluation protocol STRATA.

This is still a pre-experimental proposal. I haven't run the experiments yet, so I'm looking for feedback before committing to the implementation.

1. The problem I'm interested in

Imagine an LLM processing a long stream of information in small chunks.

A chunk introduces the following fact:

"The Kestrel project uses Python 3.11."

Immediately after processing that chunk, the model can correctly answer:

"Which Python version does the Kestrel project use?"

Now imagine that the model processes hundreds of additional chunks. Its memory has a fixed capacity, and each new update modifies the existing memory state.

Eventually, the model might no longer answer the original question correctly, even though its model weights haven't changed during inference.

I'm calling this state-induced forgetting: information that was initially available becomes inaccessible after successive memory-state updates.

The key question is whether we can reduce this type of forgetting without simply increasing memory size.

2. STRATA: Measuring forgetting across memory updates

Most evaluations report accuracy at a particular context length or at the end of a conversation. I want to measure how the ability to retrieve individual facts changes as those facts get older.

The proposed protocol works roughly as follows:

Introduce facts into a recurrent memory system in successive context windows.

Record whether each fact can be retrieved immediately after it is introduced.

Evaluate the same facts again at increasing ages: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and progressively more memory updates.

Track performance out to hundreds of updates, with a planned maximum of 1,000.

Separate initial learning failures from facts that were initially learned but subsequently forgotten.

For example, if a system initially answers 90 out of 100 questions correctly, but answers only 60 correctly after many updates, that indicates a different failure from a system that answered only 60 correctly from the beginning.

I also want to test different kinds of facts:

Stable facts that never change.

Facts whose values are updated later.

Facts requiring reasoning across multiple earlier statements.

Facts mentioned only once.

The evaluation will report initial accuracy and age-dependent retention separately, rather than relying on a single final accuracy score.

3. GMR: Generational Memory Retention

The proposed training objective tries to preserve the ability to answer questions about facts that have already entered memory.

When a fact is first introduced, record the model's length-normalized log-likelihood for its correct answer. This becomes that fact's original score, or anchor.

After subsequent memory updates, calculate the score again. If it falls below the original score by more than an allowed margin, apply a penalty.

A simplified version of the retention loss is:

L_ret = (1 / B) * sum over sampled facts f of: max(0, anchor_f - margin - current_score_f)

Here:

anchor_f is the fact's original answer log-likelihood.

current_score_f is its current answer log-likelihood.

margin is the tolerated decrease before a penalty is applied.

B is the number of sampled facts.

L_ret is the retention loss.

The training objective also includes the usual language-model loss and an absorption loss that encourages learning newly introduced facts.

The intended effect is to discourage memory updates from damaging previously acquired answering capabilities while still allowing new information to enter memory.

An important mathematical observation

For the sampled facts whose current scores fall below their anchors by more than the margin, the gradient of this hinge loss is the same as the gradient from replaying those facts' correct answers.

Facts that have not regressed receive no retention gradient from this term.

This raises an important question: Does selecting replay examples according to their regression from their own original scores outperform ordinary replay or loss-prioritized replay under matched training budgets?

I don't want to assume that it does. That's one of the main things I want to test.

4. How I plan to evaluate it

The proposed experiments include the following configurations:

A baseline trained without an explicit retention objective.

A model using uniform replay of previously encountered facts.

A model using loss-prioritized replay.

A model using output distillation from a full-context reference.

A model using the proposed GMR objective.

The main comparison will use matched memory sizes, training streams, and replay budgets wherever possible.

I'll evaluate initial fact-learning accuracy, retention at different fact ages, the ability to learn new facts, the handling of updated information, and the computational cost.

The planned testbed is an associative recurrent memory on an open-weight backbone, with experiments at multiple fixed memory sizes.

For broader evaluation, I'm considering synthetic sequential streams, BABILong-derived data, LongMemEval sessions, and narrative documents with checked question-answer pairs.

The implementation and experiments have not started yet. All performance claims remain hypotheses.

5. What I want feedback on

I'd particularly appreciate critical feedback on these questions:

1. Is the problem formulation useful?

Is state-induced forgetting a meaningful way to isolate information loss caused by recurrent memory updates, or is this already adequately covered by existing work on recurrent memory, continual learning, and catastrophic forgetting?

2. Is GMR sufficiently different from ordinary replay?

Since the proposed loss effectively replays sampled facts that have regressed below their own anchors, is that distinction scientifically interesting? What additional theoretical analysis or experimental evidence would make the contribution convincing?

3. Is STRATA a useful evaluation protocol?

Would age-stratified measurements across hundreds of sequential memory updates reveal failure modes that existing long-context and conversational-memory evaluations might miss?

4. Are the experimental comparisons fair?

Which baselines would you consider essential? In particular, I'd like to compare GMR against ordinary replay, loss-prioritized replay, and output distillation without giving any method an unfair compute advantage.

5. What related work am I missing?

I'd appreciate pointers to papers on recurrent-state interference, memory retention, forgetting-aware replay, or training objectives that preserve information across sequential state updates.

Current status

This is a research proposal, not a completed result. My immediate priority is to validate the evaluation harness, establish whether measurable forgetting occurs in the chosen fixed-size memory system, and then test whether GMR improves on properly matched baselines.

I'm deliberately not claiming that the method works or that the idea is the first of its kind.

If you've worked on recurrent memory, compressed context, or continual learning, I'd genuinely value your criticism. I'd rather discover a fundamental flaw now than spend months implementing the wrong thing.

Thanks for reading!


r/learnmachinelearning • • 22h ago

I got tired of ML tutorials starting with heavy math, so I started animating them instead. Here is my visual breakdown of AI vs. ML vs. Deep Learning.

7 Upvotes

When I first started diving into Data Science and Machine Learning, almost every course drowned me in math and dry code on day one before explaining the actual intuition. I’m a visual learner, so I started building animations to explain these concepts simply before writing any code.

I just launched a visual series, and here is how I break down the core foundations:

  1. The Nesting Doll: AI is the broad overarching goal. Machine Learning is the specific statistical method to get there. Deep Learning is the specialized multi-layered neural network inside ML.

  2. The Programming Flip: In traditional programming, we give the computer Rules + Data to get Answers. Machine Learning flips this upside down. We give the computer Data + Answers, and it figures out the Rules (the mathematical relationship).

  3. When Deep Learning takes over: ML is great for structured data (like a spreadsheet of house prices). But when the data gets messy (like raw pixels of a cat), Deep Learning uses Artificial Neural Networks to pass that data through hidden layers to detect edges, shapes, and eventually, the concept of a cat.

I just uploaded the full 3-minute visual animation of this on my new channel, VisualForge AI. If you are a visual learner transitioning into AI, I’d love your feedback on the animation style!

šŸ”— Channel: https://youtube.com/@visualforgelearning?si=bs_ZtYpiI9CCDva6

šŸ”— Full 3-Minute Video: https://youtu.be/iq4bypuvMKE?si=M8Su3c-ax10I1egh

I already created video's about What is ML, AI vs ML vs DL, Supervised vs. Unsupervised vs. RL, Feature and Label, Training and Testing

If you like visual video's, please like and subscribe Let me know what you think!


r/learnmachinelearning • • 16h ago

Real life reward hacking

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2 Upvotes